Responses to the Doctrine of Mind-Brain Identity Essay...

Responses to the Doctrine of Mind-Brain Identity To be in pain is, for example, is to have ones c-fibres, or more likely a-fibres, firing in the central nervous system; to believe that broccoli will kill you is to have ones B(bk)-fibres firing, and so on. The Blackwell Companion to Philosophy:Chapter 5 Philosophy of Mind by William G. Lycan The theory or doctrine of mind-brain identity, as its name implies, denies the claim of dualists that mind and brain (or consciousness and matter) are distinct substances. The tradition of dualism, whose clear-cut foundations laid by Rene Descartes (1596-1650) were built upon during succeeding centuries, sharply distinguishes between the stuff of consciousness and the stuff of matter.†¦show more content†¦Scientific investigation by the rules of its own procedures is limited to the study of the physical, the spatial, the quantifiable, and thus can never come into contact with the non-physical, the mental. This is the doctrine which the mind-brain identity theory denies and seeks to refute. Its counter-claim is that mind and brain are one and the same entity, in short, that mental states are brain states. Why, then, from this perspective, has the dualist been mistaken? He may have been confused into believing that one thing is two things by the fact that it has two names. For example, while the Morning Star and the Evening Star appear by their different names to denote different things, in fact, astronomical studies reveal them to be the same (in fact, the planet Venus). Water is a different name from H20 but there is no difference at all in the physical substance which both names label. Scientific research has revealed previously hidden identities: that the temperature of a gas is the mean kinetic energy of its molecules; that light is electromagnetic radiation. In a similar way research in neuroscience is expected to show that the sound of a vacuum cleaner, a pang of hunger, the tast e of mustard are nothing more or less than the firing of certain neurons. The identity theory is not concerned to find neural correlations for mental states for brain states are everything that is meant by mental states. When I complain of a pain, then, whether or not IShow MoreRelatedThe Mind And Body Problem1443 Words   |  6 Pagesnormal human brain. Body: It is reasonable to think that the patient has the usual range of mental states because she is behaviourally indistinguishable from a normal human. Behaviours make mental states more evidentially obvious than knowing the brain state of a patient or if they have a Cartesian soul or not. Doctor 4 provides the argument that since the patient is behaviourally indistinguishable from a normal human, she has the usual range of mental states. 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What Is The Significance Of Sssi Status Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(59) " croping force per unit area, shoping penchants and flora\." The intent of this site is to measure the feasibleness of the reintroduction of preservation graze as a direction option for Odiham Common, Hampshire. It presents an overview of the Common, provides an penetration into other UK sites where preservation graze is taking topographic point, reviews possible biodiversity impacts, croping governments and the practical challenges of environmental direction of a multipurpose site where there is considerable resistance to graze. A personal position will be presented refering preservation graze, giving a balanced overview of the position, home ground and preservation concerns, whilst recognizing recreational and entree demands. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is The Significance Of Sssi Status Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The issue is presented in an accessible manner for a assortment of stakeholders including: occupants, Walkers, Equus caballus riders, Canis familiaris Walkers and local groups. To inform and act upon those opposed to conservation croping about its benefits and the possibility of a partial, well-managed reintroduction. East of England Grazing Forum Represented by industry and preservation organic structures to turn to undergrazing and grassland direction. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.grazingforum.co.uk/ Hampshire County Council ( Hampshire Heathland Project ) Local authorities undertaking integrating graze as a signifier of direction. hypertext transfer protocol: //www3.hants.gov.uk/biodiversity/environment-biodiversity-landmanagement/heathland.htm Health and Safety Executive Cattle and public entree in England and Wales counsel. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/ais17ew.pdf Natural England Government adviser on the natural environment supplying practical advice and guaranting sustainable stewardship – grants and funding information. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.naturalengland.org.uk/grantsfunding/findagrant/default.aspx Benefits on environment Figure 13: Tormentil ( Potentilla erecta ) is the exclusive pollen beginning for the Oligolectic bee ( Andrena tarsata ) which requires sufficient flowers to last. The Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust with experience of preservation croping maintain that it is good as farm animal consume immature trees supplying unwooded countries for rare species ; droppings available for insects ; stalwart strains digest unsmooth flora and churn up land for wildflower seeds to colonize and insects to burrow17/22. An independent study of UK cattle-grazed forests ( FAQs ) indicates that croping supports nature preservation and enhances biodiversity as low denseness graze reduces dominant workss and Pteridium esculentum, and creates regeneration niches for a wider assortment of flora, invertebrates and birds. The study revealed that at 83 % of sites the aims of croping were fulfilled, and where this was non the instance it was attributable to inappropriate carrying densenesss or presence of other big herbivores4. These indorsements and studies reflect experience of croping across a scope of home grounds by a assortment of administrations, and indicate that appropriate graze can be adapted to accommodate most state of affairss. The tabular array below gives a favorable contemplation of croping in comparing with other direction options5. Case surveies and advice The undermentioned instance surveies and croping administrations have been selected as they address different issues and show the potency of preservation graze as an environmentally sustainable option. Hook Common: a local site grazed by common mans ‘ animate beings. Fencing restored with Gatess to protect entree. Horse riders, ramblers and locals consulted during implementation22. Sheffield Wildlife Trust: similar contention environing the recreational impact. Grazing was successfully introduced under the undermentioned guidelines: no bulls or cattles with calves ; Canis familiariss and Equus caballuss introduced to cattle offsite ; information about the principle behind graze ; independent impact and hazard appraisals. The populace appreciated the presence of cowss and the nexus to farming23. Petersham Meadows ( National Trust ) : free scope croping herd popular with locals and protected by the Petersham Trust. Moveable electric fence installed but opposed because of the ocular impact, uneven graze and as no old struggles experienced24-25. Hazeley Heath: similar home ground and SSSI position. A feasibleness survey suggests croping as the preferable option and covers the wildlife impact, croping government, entree issues and public perceptions5. Wessex Conservation Grazing: manage a scope of sites and supply a sustainable graze government to run into wildlife preservation aims and regulations26. Forestry Commission Scotland: Woodland Grazing Toolbox – advice and information on optimal degree of croping to heighten biodiversity and safeguard cultural heritage21. Dartmoor Pony Heritage Trust: provides appraisal, monitoring, preparation and suited ponies for preservation graze. Tor View Moor is an illustration of the immediate impact and betterment of flora structure27-28. Croping Animals Undertaking: aids croping directors with sustainable land direction systems and bringing of biodiversity targets29. Decision Support for preservation graze appears to be chiefly from preservation bureaus and associated administrations and the benefits are obliging. However, many factors including unsuitable fence, entree issues, hazards from farm animal and intuitions of outside intercession can take away from the virtues of croping. Consideration of preservation croping hence requires dialogue of the associated environmental, societal and political issues to achieve preservation and recreational aims. Successful graze undertakings elsewhere indicate that preservation graze is a feasible option in many state of affairss and can be adapted as site specific solutions. Further tests at Odiham Common alongside professional aid, ongoing appraisal, participatory direction procedures and job resolution are pre-requisites to measure and re-introduce preservation graze in this country. Consultation and communicating Communication and audience methods would ease execution of preservation graze to prosecute and include the public in treatment, planning and execution. Liaison with croping direction administrations is recommended on appropriate graze governments to run into aims, habitat suitableness and turn toing struggles of involvement and objections30. The Council ‘s purposes of informing the local community through meetings, newssheets, consultative and ‘friends ‘ groups would be valuable for all parties, every bit good as involvement yearss and encouraging local voluntary involvement7/30. Frequently Asked Questions ( FAQs ) What is the significance of SSSI position? Sites of Particular Scientific Interest preserve valuable wildlife and geological sites and supply legal protection. Natural England notify, buttocks and supervise the status of sites. SSSIs provide cultural, modulating and purveying ecosystem services37-38. Back: [ [ The home ground of Odiham Common ] ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/sssi/index.cfm What information does the Survey of Cattle-Grazed Woodlands supply? The study was conducted at 105 sites by site directors and visits and covered: intent of graze, carrying governments and seasons, strains, cowss behaviour, tree regeneration, croping force per unit area, shoping penchants and flora. You read "What Is The Significance Of Sssi Status Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" Reasons for graze: nature preservation or agribusiness production with the differences due to set down ownership4. Administration The Common has been recorded as a common grazing land since 1280 and registered as common land since 193612. The freehold of the Common passed to the Council ‘s predecessor in 19452. Common rights are registered under the Commons Registration Regulations 1968 and include proviso for graze, with regular graze by common mans ‘ farm animal until the mid twentieth century7/12. The Commons Act 2006 aims for more sustainable direction by common mans and landowners12. The Secretary of State and local authorization have responsibility to farther preservation and enhancement2. Croping tests and applications 1998 Application by Hart District Council for consent to fence northeast country for croping for a 5 twelvemonth experimental period granted. It was dumbly wooded but parts were cleared by coppicing and felling2/7. 1998 Council entered into a Country Stewardship Agreement implementing an sanctioned direction program with grants for fence, coppicing and croping endorsed by English Nature2. 1999-2000 Grazing by ponies and farm animal with electric fencing around the southern hayfield and forest graze by cowss during early summer4. Due to high rainfall and pes and oral cavity disease, the full ecological benefits non realised. The inspector ‘s appraisal was that the experimental period was excessively short2. 2002-2003 Hart District Council applied for consent to fence the common on a lasting footing to ease grazing7. An enquiry rejected the application for damaging consequence on visual aspect and entree and inconclusive benefit to nature preservation. Extension of period for impermanent fence advised2/12. Croping indorsements Hampshire and Isle of Wight Trust: graze provides a mosaic of flora growing and structural diversity17. With experience in pull offing wood grazing lands they consider that rare home ground saving is dependent upon grazing2. National Trust: graze indispensable and the lone option that will reconstruct and sustainably keep wood grazing land and cultural graze heritage. Hay cropping requires wake croping to keep biological diversity18-19. RSPB: recommend low strength graze for heathland with rare genteelness birds, and back it for most cases5. Royal Agricultural Society of England: croping a cost effectual, natural and efficient direction system for biodiversity preservation, and farm animal can add to the populace ‘s grasp of a site20. Forestry Commission Scotland: graze improves woodland regeneration, biodiversity and cultural heritage21. Stakeholders who are non to the full supportive conclude that betterment is necessary and suggest croping tests on little areas19. Expostulations to preservation graze Those opposing croping include locals, Equus caballus riders, Canis familiaris Walkers, Odiham Parish Council. Odiham Common Preservation Society and occupants ‘ associations2. Reasons for resistance include tree clearance cut downing home grounds, of import trees and the noise barrier to busy roads2. Cattle are deemed to be a menace to Walkers, Canis familiariss and route users and do rutting of waies and marshy ground2. There is more resistance to fencing than croping as it restricts public rights of manner and entree to woodland and split meadows19. Fencing has besides been considered a move towards managed and de-registered common2. It is claimed that historical graze was non that extended ; the Common was good run before the SSSI imposed ; the experimental strategy insufficient ; and fiscal motive a factor in its reintroduction2. Alternate options are besides available such as hay meadows2. Evidence The Inspector ‘s Report ( 2003 ) rejected the application for lasting fence as no baseline ecological study conducted prior to croping, no grounds of old croping being a success, entree troubles, over-felling, waterlogged land ( H2O tabular array rise due to removal of trees ) and harm to trails2. Those opposed to croping on the Common refer to debasement and struggle between animate beings and prosaic entree at other local sites ( Bastley Heath, North Warnborough ) 18. These issues are of import and must be taken into consideration for future tests or reintroduction. Preparation An appraisal of site conditions, public usage, rights of manner and suited stock are the first phases of execution. Before a grazing test or lasting reintroduction commences, a croping test license must be obtained and permission granted for fencing common land from the Secretary of State for the Environment. Whilst lasting margin fence and shepherding provide free scope graze and assistance handiness, impermanent fence is more appropriate and acceptable for this site10. Liability insurance is required31 and funding available from the English Nature Wildlife Enhancement Scheme and Countryside Stewardship Scheme5. Execution Successful execution requires adept counsel to fit strains with home ground demands and preservation objectives32. Hardy strains of farm animal ( Exmoor ponies or Galloway cowss ) at low denseness for the forest, and cowss, ponies or sheep for the hayfields are recommended in the Council ‘s bill of exchange plan10. The consideration of continuance and timing33 of croping to accommodate the stock and flora and monitoring and motion of stock necessity to forestall overgrazing34. Croping force per unit area and carrying denseness should be less for nature preservation state of affairss and higher for scrub control and bar of regeneration as tree regeneration and sapling denseness diminution with increased grazing4. Initial clearance of forest in readying for farm animal and rotational scalloped cutting of forest borders for wildlife re-colonisation is advisable13. To understate struggles between stock and worlds, Canis familiariss and Equus caballuss, the off-site preparation of stock and instruction to cover with contact with animate beings can be implemented23/35. Information on preservation graze, entree paths and exigency contact and electric fence marks are public consciousness requirements35. The continual appraisal of impacts and ecological recording with possible voluntary aid is critical to supervise attainment of marks. Options At times croping may take away from other biodiversity aims ( e.g. seedling regeneration ) or turn out unsuitable for the conditions36. Other options such as mowing and mechanical clearance may be preferred or at least until farther tests are conducted. Drumhead The undertaking covers the environmental direction options for Odiham Common concentrating on the possible reintroduction of preservation graze. The site contains rare home grounds and species and is a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest presently at risk1. The Common is capable to ordinances that involve a responsibility to farther preservation enhancement2, and historical administration and graze tests lay the foundations for future determinations. There are struggles over entree rights which undermine recreational precedences that need to be addressed in croping programs. Benefits of preservation graze Conservation graze is the resurgence of a traditional land direction method which conserves and enhances biodiversity to counter the loss of home grounds and species caused by intensification of agriculture3. A assortment of preservation and associated administrations endorse graze and these sentiments are substantiated by local and national surveies. Resistance and challenges Local expostulation to croping on the Common consists of resistance to fence, loss of trees, menaces from cowss, direction rights and the result of recent croping trials2. Management options and instance surveies Case surveies and counsel from croping administrations demonstrate the possible benefits for preservation in different contexts and cover public entree, fencing issues, croping schemes and public perceptual experiences. Surveies at other croping sites reveal that preservation aims are attained and croping comparisons favorably to other direction options4-5. Successful reintroduction requires a participatory procedure of audience and communicating in add-on to readying and practical execution steps suited to cultural and preservation aims. In decision, the feasibleness of successful preservation croping solutions is dependent upon monitoring, tests and run intoing legitimate concerns with feasible solutions. Diversion Odiham Common has multiple recreational chances including: guided walks, drives, walking, cultural and historical involvement such as the Hunting Lodge, a picturesque lake and wildlife. Proposed hereafter usage includes orienteering, usage by young person groups and older people, and improved environmental instruction initiatives7. The preservation croping scheme demands to be appropriate for the hereafter usage of the site so that it remains accessible and balances wildlife precedences with diversion and instruction. The home ground of Odiham Common Odiham Common is located in North Hampshire ‘s Lowland Heath Character Area consisting wood grazing land and meadows12. It is one of the few illustrations of wood grazing land outside the New Forest and a Site of Special Scientific Interest ( SSSI ) ( FAQs ) hosting rare vegetations and zoologies including ancient forest index species1. A recent entomological study reveals that much of the forest is badly overgrown. The decrease in canopy screen from storm harm and tree clearance without croping leads to development of birch undercover at the disbursal of more desirable forest land vegetations and zoologies which is restricted by deficiency of light13. The SSSI position of the wood grazing land ( Unit 2 ) is ‘unfavourable retrieving ‘ with deficit of unfastened infinite and structural diverseness, veteran trees under force per unit area from environing trees, and lessening in species diversity14-15. A suited graze and cutting government to better this status is recommended16. The Common ‘s southern hayfields have historically been grazed, although non for many old ages apart from recent tests. Without a suited signifier of direction, coarser grasses, brambles, chaparral and trees dominate taking to the loss of flower, insect and bird diverseness. Natural England urge wake croping following cutting in late summer/autumn7/16. The Council, as site proprietor, has a responsibility to farther preservation and sweetening of vegetations, zoologies and geological features2. The undertaking issue Conservation graze is a traditional signifier of direction sing a resurgence as a sustainable method of conserving and bettering biodiversity. It is promoted by administrations such as Natural England but can be perceived as a agency of enforcing their ain aims without sufficient consideration of local precedences, habitat suitableness and entree. The direction of Odiham Common has been raised in Odiham Society newssheets with mention to the Council ‘s Management Plan, its recreational and preservation demands and the combative issue of the reintroduction of grazing6-7. The undertaking intent is to turn to the preservation benefits and unfavorable judgments of croping for Odiham Common. It will use instance surveies, studies and direction methods provided by croping specializers to measure the usage of preservation graze as a sustainable method of heightening home ground and biodiversity. The issue encompasses a scope of environmental concerns including: preservation, biodiversity, land direction, ecosystem equilibrium, administration, sustainability and the societal dimensions of environmental What is preservation croping? Historical graze has been instrumental in the development of semi-natural habitats8. Traditional signifiers of agribusiness have produced ecosystems rich in biodiversity with complex interactions between croping animate being and works life ; nevertheless, modern intensive agriculture has reduced this variety3. Conservation graze is a method of grassland and wood grazing land direction, leting rarer workss, invertebrates, little mammals and birds to diversify8. Mechanical methods of land direction clearance can be excessively drastic, cut downing the handiness of suited home ground to enable wildlife to go on to boom. For illustration, hay hayfields that are cut support fewer insects compared with grazed grazing lands which give all twelvemonth unit of ammunition flowering9. Grazing is environmentally sustainable as it reduces the demand for mechanical clearance of scrub10. Conservation croping enables species to re-establish as flora is removed more bit by bit. It promotes species-rich home grounds and maintains biodiversity, construction and composing every bit good as openness and entree by stamp downing harsh grasses and woody plants11. Cattle treading the forest or hayfield land create niches enabling seeds to germinate11. How to cite What Is The Significance Of Sssi Status Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Qualitative Data Analysis Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Res

Question: Describe why Qualitative Data Analysis is Important? Answer: Introduction: Like the quantitative data analysis, qualitative data analysis also has importance because sometimes we do not get the numeric information about the variables or data. In this case, we always use the qualitative data analysis method for study of given particular variables. In qualitative data analysis, we need to prepare the data by taking interviews or other methods. The respondents give us the qualitative information for the questions as to them and we need to store this information systematically. We need to code these answers by creating some categories as required. Here, we are interested to analysis the qualitative data collected at the KDS shopping mall. Kingston Department Store or in short KDS is the well established department store and they want to study some aspects about its customers. For this purpose we have to conduct the some interview plan and then we have to take some interviews for this study purpose. Here we are conduct nine interviews and we get the answers for these interviews or questions in these interviews. First of all, we need to do some coding work for systematic collection of data information. The coding is given below: Codebook: Variable Description Code Sex Male 1 Female 2 Age 25-39 1 40-54 2 55+ 3 Visiting Frequency weekly 1 monthly 2 twice a year 3 reason for shop at KDS Prompts: Buying and Browsing 1 Convenience: Parking 2 Product range quality price 3 Transport links 4 Staff: knowledgeable, polite, helpful 5 other: Queues, cafe, lifts, toilets, facilities 6 time spend at KDS less than 1 hour 1 1-2 hour 2 more than 2 hour 3 Type of buy Cloths 1 Stationary 2 Jewellery 3 Electronics 4 Footwear 5 Food 6 Other 7 Source of Information Internet 1 Newspaper 2 Advertisement 3 Other 4 Availability of range of products yes 1 No 2 New Arrivals Yes 1 No 2 The following information is collected through the interviews taken at KDS departmental store. Coding Variable INTERVIEW 1 JOAN INTERVIEW 2 FARIDEH INTERVIEW 3 DOREEN INTERVIEW 4 GRACE INTERVIEW 5 PAM Age 2 2 2 2 2 Sex 2 2 2 2 2 HOW OFTEN DO YOU SHOP AT KDS? 2 1 2 2 1 WHY DO YOU SHOP AT KDS? 3 2 1 5 5 CAN I ASK WHAT YOU MEAN BY QUALITY? WHAT MAKES YOU FEEL IMPORTANT WHEN YOU COME HERE? 3 2 3 2 1 ARE THERE ANY OTHER REASONS YOU SHOP HERE? 2 5 6 3 4 HOW LONG DO YOU NORMALLY SPEND IN THE STORE? 3 3 1 2 1 WHAT DO YOU TYPICALLY BUY / COME TO BUY AT KDS? 7 1 1 2 6 ARE THERE ANY PRODUCTS/RANGE OF PRODUCTS NOT CURRENTLY STOCKED THAT YOU WOULD LIKE TO SEE INTRODUCED IN KDS? 1 2 2 1 2 ARE THERE ANY PRODUCTS/RANGES CURRENTLY STOCKED THAT YOU NEVER CONSIDER BUYING FROM KDS? WHY? 1 2 1 2 2 The coding for the interview questions given as below: Coding Variable INTERVIEW 6 ELENA INTERVIEW 7 ANNE INTERVIEW 8 LILY INTERVIEW 9 LAURA Age 2 2 2 2 Sex 2 2 2 2 HOW OFTEN DO YOU SHOP AT KDS? 1 3 2 2 WHY DO YOU SHOP AT KDS? 6 1 3 2 CAN I ASK WHAT YOU MEAN BY QUALITY? WHAT MAKES YOU FEEL IMPORTANT WHEN YOU COME HERE? 1 3 2 2 ARE THERE ANY OTHER REASONS YOU SHOP HERE? 3 5 6 3 HOW LONG DO YOU NORMALLY SPEND IN THE STORE? 2 3 3 2 WHAT DO YOU TYPICALLY BUY / COME TO BUY AT KDS? 4 3 2 7 ARE THERE ANY PRODUCTS/RANGE OF PRODUCTS NOT CURRENTLY STOCKED THAT YOU WOULD LIKE TO SEE INTRODUCED IN KDS? 2 1 1 2 ARE THERE ANY PRODUCTS/RANGES CURRENTLY STOCKED THAT YOU NEVER CONSIDER BUYING FROM KDS? WHY? 1 1 2 2 Data: The data in the systematic format is given below: Interview No. Variable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 7 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 5 3 1 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 3 6 1 1 2 1 4 2 2 2 5 2 3 2 2 1 2 5 2 2 1 5 1 4 1 6 2 2 6 2 2 1 6 1 3 2 4 2 1 7 2 2 3 1 3 5 3 3 1 1 8 2 2 2 3 2 6 3 2 1 2 9 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 7 2 2 The list of variables is given below: Variable list: No. Variable 1 Age 2 Sex 3 HOW OFTEN DO YOU SHOP AT KDS? 4 WHY DO YOU SHOP AT KDS? 5 CAN I ASK WHAT YOU MEAN BY QUALITY? WHAT MAKES YOU FEEL IMPORTANT WHEN YOU COME HERE? 6 ARE THERE ANY OTHER REASONS YOU SHOP HERE? 7 HOW LONG DO YOU NORMALLY SPEND IN THE STORE? 8 WHAT DO YOU TYPICALLY BUY / COME TO BUY AT KDS? 9 ARE THERE ANY PRODUCTS/RANGE OF PRODUCTS NOT CURRENTLY STOCKED THAT YOU WOULD LIKE TO SEE INTRODUCED IN KDS? 10 ARE THERE ANY PRODUCTS/RANGES CURRENTLY STOCKED THAT YOU NEVER CONSIDER BUYING FROM KDS? WHY? Coding and labelling: Variable Description Code Sex Male 1 Female 2 Age 25-39 1 40-54 2 55+ 3 Visiting Frequency weekly 1 monthly 2 twice a year 3 reason for shop at KDS Prompts: Buying and Browsing 1 Convenience: Parking 2 Product range quality price 3 Transport links 4 Staff: knowledgeable, polite, helpful 5 other: Queues, cafe, lifts, toilets, facilities 6 time spend at KDS less than 1 hour 1 1-2 hour 2 more than 2 hour 3 Type of buy Cloths 1 Stationary 2 Jewellery 3 Electronics 4 Footwear 5 Food 6 Other 7 Source of Information Internet 1 Newspaper 2 Advertisement 3 Other 4 Availability of range of products yes 1 No 2 New Arrivals Yes 1 No 2 QUALITY bad 1 Good 2 better 3 Qualitative data analysis: The qualitative data analysis for the given data is given below: Frequencies Statistics Age N Valid 9 Missing 0 Age Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 40-54 9 100.0 100.0 100.0 Statistics Sex N Valid 9 Missing 0 Sex Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Female 9 100.0 100.0 100.0 Statistics Shopping_frequency N Valid 9 Missing 0 Statistics Reason_for_shopping N Valid 9 Missing 0 Reason_for_shopping Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Prompts: Buying and Browsing 2 22.2 22.2 22.2 Convenience: Parking 2 22.2 22.2 44.4 Product range quality price 2 22.2 22.2 66.7 Staff: kowledgeable, polite, helpful 2 22.2 22.2 88.9 other: Queues, cafe, lifts, toilets, facilities 1 11.1 11.1 100.0 Total 9 100.0 100.0 Statistics Quality N Valid 9 Missing 0 Quality Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Bad 2 22.2 22.2 22.2 Good 4 44.4 44.4 66.7 Better 3 33.3 33.3 100.0 Total 9 100.0 100.0 Statistics Other_reason N Valid 9 Missing 0 Other_reason Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Cafe 1 11.1 11.1 11.1 Lift 3 33.3 33.3 44.4 Toilet 1 11.1 11.1 55.6 Facilities 2 22.2 22.2 77.8 Other 2 22.2 22.2 100.0 Total 9 100.0 100.0 Statistics Time_spend N Valid 9 Missing 0 Time_spend Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid less than 1 hour 2 22.2 22.2 22.2 1-2 hour 3 33.3 33.3 55.6 more than 2 hour 4 44.4 44.4 100.0 Total 9 100.0 100.0 Statistics Type_of_buying N Valid 9 Missing 0 Type_of_buying Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Cloths 2 22.2 22.2 22.2 Stationary 2 22.2 22.2 44.4 Jewellery 1 11.1 11.1 55.6 Electronics 1 11.1 11.1 66.7 Food 1 11.1 11.1 77.8 Other 2 22.2 22.2 100.0 Total 9 100.0 100.0 Statistics Availibility_of_products N Valid 9 Missing 0 Availibility_of_products Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Yes 4 44.4 44.4 44.4 No 5 55.6 55.6 100.0 Total 9 100.0 100.0 Statistics New_arrivals N Valid 9 Missing 0 New_arrivals Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid yes 4 44.4 44.4 44.4 No 5 55.6 55.6 100.0 Total 9 100.0 100.0 Now let us see some cross tabulations for the given qualitative data. Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Shopping_frequency * Reason_for_shopping 9 100.0% 0 0.0% 9 100.0% Shopping_frequency * Reason_for_shopping Crosstabulation Count Reason_for_shopping Total Prompts: Buying and Browsing Convenience: Parking Product range quality price Staff: kowledgeable, polite, helpful other: Queues, cafe, lifts, toilets, facilities Shopping_frequency weekly 0 1 0 1 1 3 monthly 1 1 2 1 0 5 Twice a year 1 0 0 0 0 1 Total 2 2 2 2 1 9 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Shopping_frequency * Quality 9 100.0% 0 0.0% 9 100.0% Shopping_frequency * Quality Crosstabulation Count Quality Total Bad Good Better Shopping_frequency weekly 2 1 0 3 monthly 0 3 2 5 Twice a year 0 0 1 1 Total 2 4 3 9 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Shopping_frequency * Other_reason 9 100.0% 0 0.0% 9 100.0% Shopping_frequency * Other_reason Crosstabulation Count Other_reason Total Cafe Lift Toilet Facilities Other Shopping_frequency weekly 0 1 1 1 0 3 monthly 1 2 0 0 2 5 Twice a year 0 0 0 1 0 1 Total 1 3 1 2 2 9 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Shopping_frequency * Time_spend 9 100.0% 0 0.0% 9 100.0% Shopping_frequency * Time_spend Crosstabulation Count Time_spend Total less than 1 hour 1-2 hour more than 2 hour Shopping_frequency weekly 1 1 1 3 monthly 1 2 2 5 Twice a year 0 0 1 1 Total 2 3 4 9 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Shopping_frequency * Type_of_buying 9 100.0% 0 0.0% 9 100.0% Type_of_buying Total Cloths Stationary Jewellery Electronics Food Other Shopping_frequency weekly 1 0 0 1 1 0 3 monthly 1 2 0 0 0 2 5 Twice a year 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Total 2 2 1 1 1 2 9 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Shopping_frequency * Availibility_of_products 9 100.0% 0 0.0% 9 100.0% Shopping_frequency * Availibility_of_products Crosstabulation Count Availibility_of_products Total Yes No Shopping_frequency weekly 0 3 3 monthly 3 2 5 Twice a year 1 0 1 Total 4 5 9 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Shopping_frequency * New_arrivals 9 100.0% 0 0.0% 9 100.0% Shopping_frequency * New_arrivals Crosstabulation Count New_arrivals Total yes No Shopping_frequency weekly 1 2 3 monthly 2 3 5 Twice a year 1 0 1 Total 4 5 9 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Reason_for_shopping * Quality 9 100.0% 0 0.0% 9 100.0% Reason_for_shopping * Quality Crosstabulation Count Quality Total Bad Good Better Reason_for_shopping Prompts: Buying and Browsing 0 0 2 2 Convenience: Parking 0 2 0 2 Product range quality price 0 1 1 2 Staff: kowledgeable, polite, helpful 1 1 0 2 other: Queues, cafe, lifts, toilets, facilities 1 0 0 1 Total 2 4 3 9 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Reason_for_shopping * Other_reason 9 100.0% 0 0.0% 9 100.0% Other_reason Total Cafe Lift Toilet Facilities Other Reason_for_shopping Prompts: Buying and Browsing 0 0 0 1 1 2 Convenience: Parking 0 1 0 1 0 2 Product range quality price 1 0 0 0 1 2 Staff: kowledgeable, polite, helpful 0 1 1 0 0 2 other: Queues, cafe, lifts, toilets, facilities 0 1 0 0 0 1 Total 1 3 1 2 2 9 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Reason_for_shopping * Time_spend 9 100.0% 0 0.0% 9 100.0% Reason_for_shopping * Time_spend Crosstabulation Count Time_spend Total less than 1 hour 1-2 hour more than 2 hour Reason_for_shopping Prompts: Buying and Browsing 1 0 1 2 Convenience: Parking 0 1 1 2 Product range quality price 0 0 2 2 Staff: kowledgeable, polite, helpful 1 1 0 2 other: Queues, cafe, lifts, toilets, facilities 0 1 0 1 Total 2 3 4 9 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Reason_for_shopping * Type_of_buying 9 100.0% 0 0.0% 9 100.0% Type_of_buying Total Cloths Stationary Jewellery Electronics Food Other Reason_for_shopping Prompts: Buying and Browsing 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 Convenience: Parking 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 Product range quality price 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 Staff: kowledgeable, polite, helpful 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 other: Queues, cafe, lifts, toilets, facilities 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Total 2 2 1 1 1 2 9 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Reason_for_shopping * Availibility_of_products 9 100.0% 0 0.0% 9 100.0% Reason_for_shopping * Availibility_of_products Crosstabulation Count Availibility_of_products Total Yes No Reason_for_shopping Prompts: Buying and Browsing 1 1 2 Convenience: Parking 0 2 2 Product range quality price 2 0 2 Staff: kowledgeable, polite, helpful 1 1 2 other: Queues, cafe, lifts, toilets, facilities 0 1 1 Total 4 5 9 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Reason_for_shopping * New_arrivals 9 100.0% 0 0.0% 9 100.0% Reason_for_shopping * New_arrivals Crosstabulation Count New_arrivals Total yes No Reason_for_shopping Prompts: Buying and Browsing 2 0 2 Convenience: Parking 0 2 2 Product range quality price 1 1 2 Staff: kowledgeable, polite, helpful 0 2 2 other: Queues, cafe, lifts, toilets, facilities 1 0 1 Total 4 5 9 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Quality * Other_reason 9 100.0% 0 0.0% 9 100.0% Quality * Other_reason Crosstabulation Count Other_reason Total Cafe Lift Toilet Facilities Other Quality Bad 0 1 1 0 0 2 Good 0 2 0 1 1 4 Better 1 0 0 1 1 3 Total 1 3 1 2 2 9 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Quality * Time_spend 9 100.0% 0 0.0% 9 100.0% Quality * Time_spend Crosstabulation Count Time_spend Total less than 1 hour 1-2 hour more than 2 hour Quality Bad 1 1 0 2 Good 0 2 2 4 Better 1 0 2 3 Total 2 3 4 9 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Quality * Type_of_buying 9 100.0% 0 0.0% 9 100.0% Quality * Type_of_buying Crosstabulation Count Type_of_buying Total Cloths Stationary Jewellery Electronics Food Other Quality Bad 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 Good 1 2 0 0 0 1 4 Better 1 0 1 0 0 1 3 Total 2 2 1 1 1 2 9 Quality * Availibility_of_products Crosstabulation Count Availibility_of_products Total Yes No Quality Bad 0 2 2 Good 2 2 4 Better 2 1 3 Total 4 5 9 Quality * New_arrivals Crosstabulation Count New_arrivals Total yes No Quality Bad 1 1 2 Good 0 4 4 Better 3 0 3 Total 4 5 9 Other_reason * Time_spend Crosstabulation Count Time_spend Total less than 1 hour 1-2 hour more than 2 hour Other_reason Cafe 0 0 1 1 Lift 0 3 0 3 Toilet 1 0 0 1 Facilities 0 0 2 2 Other 1 0 1 2 Total 2 3 4 9 Other_reason * Type_of_buying Crosstabulation Count Type_of_buying Total Cloths Stationary Jewellery Electronics Food Other Other_reason Cafe 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Lift 0 1 0 1 0 1 3 Toilet 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Facilities 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 Other 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 Total 2 2 1 1 1 2 9 Other_reason * Availibility_of_products Crosstabulation Count Availibility_of_products Total Yes No Other_reason Cafe 1 0 1 Lift 1 2 3 Toilet 0 1 1 Facilities 1 1 2 Other 1 1 2 Total 4 5 9 Other_reason * New_arrivals Crosstabulation Count New_arrivals Total yes No Other_reason Cafe 1 0 1 Lift 1 2 3 Toilet 0 1 1 Facilities 1 1 2 Other 1 1 2 Total 4 5 9 Time_spend * Type_of_buying Crosstabulation Count Type_of_buying Total Cloths Stationary Jewellery Electronics Food Other Time_spend less than 1 hour 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 1-2 hour 0 1 0 1 0 1 3 more than 2 hour 1 1 1 0 0 1 4 Total 2 2 1 1 1 2 9 Time_spend * Availibility_of_products Crosstabulation Count Availibility_of_products Total Yes No Time_spend less than 1 hour 0 2 2 1-2 hour 1 2 3 more than 2 hour 3 1 4 Total 4 5 9 Time_spend * New_arrivals Crosstabulation Count New_arrivals Total yes No Time_spend less than 1 hour 1 1 2 1-2 hour 1 2 3 more than 2 hour 2 2 4 Total 4 5 9 Type_of_buying * New_arrivals Crosstabulation Count New_arrivals Total yes No Type_of_buying Cloths 1 1 2 Stationary 0 2 2 Jewellery 1 0 1 Electronics 1 0 1 Food 0 1 1 Other 1 1 2 Total 4 5 9 References Backett, K. C., Davison, C. (1995). Lifecourse and lifestyle: The social and cultural location of health behaviours. Social Science Medicine, 40(5), 629-638. Bryman, A. Burgess, R.G. (eds). (1994). Analyzing qualitative data. London: Routledge. Campbell, R., Pound, P., Pope, C., Britten, N., Pill, R., Morgan, M., et al. (2003). Evaluating meta-ethnography: a synthesis of qualitative research on lay experiences of diabetes and diabetes care. Social Science Medicine, 56, 671-684. Creswell, J. W. (2002). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Dey, I. (1993). Qualitative Data Analysis: A User-Friendly Guide for Social Scientists. London: Routledge. Elliott, S. J., Gillie, J. (1998). Moving experiences: a qualitative analysis of health and migration. Health Place, 4(4), 327-339. Ezzy, D. (2002). Qualitative analysis: Practice and innovation. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen Unwin. Erlandson, D. A., Harris, E. L., Skipper, B. L., Allen, S. D. (1993). Doing naturalistic enquiry: A guide to methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Symbolism and Setting in The Great Gatsby Essay Example

Symbolism and Setting in The Great Gatsby Essay The United States was a land filled with various opportunities in the 1920s. World War I was over and a multitude of people from all over the globe were coming to the United States vying for a new beginning. These people were all enchanted but the idea of The American Dream. The American Dream is the idea that every United States citizen should have an equal opportunity to achieve success and prosperity through hard work, determination, and initiative. It does not matter where you came from, all you need is a passion to succeed. This idea played a role in The Great Gatsby through the characters, symbolism, and settings in the story. The American Dream was an important part of the characters in the story. This idea greatly influenced their choices from how they lived to how they behaved. The wealthiest characters were Daisy and Tom Buchanan, and Jay Gatsby. These three believed they could do anything because they were in a class higher than everyone else. They only cared about what was occurring at the moment and never worried about the consequences of their actions. They were very greedy people and only cared about their possessions. This goes with the belief of the American Dream and that you can achieve anything if you put your mind to it. An example of this is how Tom cheats on Daisy with Myrtle Wilson. He does this because he only sees Daisy one of his belongings. I first met Tom Buchanan’s mistress. The fact that he had one was insisted upon wherever he was known. His acquaintances resented the fact that he turned up in popular restaurants with her and, leaving her at a table, sauntered about, chatt ing with whomsoever he knew (Fitzgerald, 27). Despite Tom and Myrtle being a part of two different social classes he continues to see her behind Daisys back. He does not care about his choices at the moment but they will eventually come back to bite him in the butt. Every weekend Gatsby throws outrageous parties to impress Daisy We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism and Setting in The Great Gatsby specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism and Setting in The Great Gatsby specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism and Setting in The Great Gatsby specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Profile of Charlton Heston, Gun Rights Movement Icon

Profile of Charlton Heston, Gun Rights Movement Icon As an actor, Charlton Heston appeared in some of the most notable films of his time. But he may best be remembered as the most visible president in the National Rifle Association’s history, guiding the gun lobbying group through a five-year period that saw gun rights take center stage in Washington, D.C. Along the way, his statements were responsible for igniting a phrase that would become a rallying cry for gun owners: â€Å"You can have my guns when you take them from my cold, dead hands.† Surprisingly, the man who hoisted a rifle above his head at the 2000 NRA Convention in defiance of the perceived anti-gun policies of Democrat presidential nominee Al Gore was once a staunch supporter of gun control legislation. Heston’s Support for Gun Control By the time President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963, Charlton Heston had become a household name, starring as Moses in the 1956 film The Ten Commandments and as Judah Ben Hur in 1959’s Ben Hur. Heston campaigned for Kennedy in the 1960 presidential election and became critical of lax gun laws in the aftermath of Kennedy’s assassination. He joined fellow Hollywood stars Kirk Douglas, Gregory Peck, and James Stewart in support of the Gun Control Act of 1968, the most restrictive piece of gun legislation in more than 30 years. Appearing on ABC’s The Joey Bishop Show two weeks after U.S. Sen. Robert Kennedy was assassinated in 1968, Heston read from a prepared statement: â€Å"This bill is no mystery. Let’s be clear about it. Its purpose is simple and direct. It is not to deprive the sportsman of his hunting gun, the marksman of his target rifle, nor would it deny to any responsible citizen his constitutional right to own a firearm. It is to prevent the murder of Americans.† Later that year, actor-producer Tom Laughlin, chairman of the anti-gun group Ten Thousand Americans for Responsible Gun Control lamented in an edition of Film Television Daily that Hollywood stars had fallen from the gun control bandwagon, but listed Heston among a handful of diehard supporters who he said would stand by his side. Heston Changes Teams in the Gun Rights Debate Exactly when Heston changed his views on gun ownership is hard to pin down. In interviews after being elected president of the NRA, he was vague about his support of the 1968 Gun Control Act, saying only that he had made some â€Å"political mistakes.† Heston’s support for Republican politicians can be dated back as far as the 1980 election of Ronald Reagan. The two men shared many broad similarities: Hollywood A-Listers who supported Democrat Party policies early in their careers only to become stalwarts of the conservative movement. Reagan would later appoint Heston to co-chair a task force on arts and humanities. Over the next two decades, Heston became increasingly vocal in his support of conservative policies, in general, and on the Second Amendment, in particular. In 1997, Heston was elected to the NRA’s Board of Directors. One year later, he was elected president of the organization. Heston was vocally opposed to virtually any proposed measure of restricting gun ownership, from a mandatory five-day waiting period on handgun purchases to a limit of one gun purchase a month to mandatory trigger locks and the 1994 ban on assault weapons. â€Å"Teddy Roosevelt hunted in the last century with a semiautomatic rifle,† Heston once said in regards to proposals to ban semiautomatic firearms. â€Å"Most deer guns are semi-automatic. It’s become a demonized phrase. The media distorts that and the public ill understands it.† In 1997, he lambasted the National Press Club for the media’s role in the Assault Weapons Ban, saying reporters need to do their homework on semiautomatic weapons. In a speech to the club, he said: â€Å"For too long, you have swallowed manufactured statistics and fabricated technical support from anti-gun organizations that wouldnt know a semi-auto from a sharp stick. And it shows. You fall for it every time.† ‘From My Cold, Dead Hands’ During the height of the 2000 election season, Heston delivered a rousing speech at the NRA Convention in which he closed by invoking an old Second Amendment battle cry as he raised a vintage 1874 buffalo rifle over his head: â€Å"So, as we set out this year to defeat the divisive forces that would take freedom away, I want to say those fighting words for everyone within the sound of my voice to hear and to heed, and especially for you, (presidential candidate) Mr. (Al) Gore: From my cold, dead hands.’† The â€Å"cold, dead hands† saying did not originate with Heston. It had been around since the 1970s  when it was used as a slogan for literature and bumper stickers by gun rights activists. The slogan didn’t even originate with the NRA; it was first used by the Washington-based Citizens Committee for the Right to Keep and Bear Arms. But Heston’s usage of those five words in 2000 made them iconic. Gun owners across the nation began using the slogan as a rallying cry, saying, â€Å"You can have my guns when you take them from my cold, dead hands.† Heston is often incorrectly attributed with coining the phrase. When he resigned from the NRA presidency in 2003 due to his declining health, he again raised the rifle over his head and repeated, â€Å"From my cold, dead hands.† The Death of an Icon Heston was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 1998, an illness he defeated. But a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s in 2003 would prove too much to overcome. He stepped down from his position as president of the NRA and died five years later, at the age of 84. At his death, he had appeared in more than 100 films. He and his wife, Lydia Clark, had been married 64 years. But Heston’s lasting legacy might be his five-year stint as president of the NRA. With the peak of his Hollywood career well behind him, Heston’s work with the NRA and his fierce pro-gun rights rhetoric earned him legendary status with a whole new generation.

The Mechanics of Air Pressure

The Mechanics of Air Pressure Air pressure, atmospheric pressure, or barometric pressure, is the pressure exerted over a surface by the weight of an air mass (and its molecules) above it. How Heavy Is Air? Air pressure is a difficult concept. How can something invisible have mass and weight? Air has mass because it is made up of a mixture of gases that have mass. Add up the weight of all these gases that compose dry air (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and others) and you get the weight of dry air. The molecular weight, or molar mass, of dry air is 28.97 grams per mole. While that isnt very much, a typical air mass is made up of an incredibly large number of air molecules. As such, you can begin to see how air can have considerable weight when the masses of all the molecules are added together. High and Low Air Pressure So whats the connection between molecules and air pressure? If the number of air molecules above an area increases, there are more molecules to exert pressure on that area and its total atmospheric pressure increases. This is what we call high pressure. Likewise, if there are less air molecules above an area, the atmospheric pressure decreases. This is known as low pressure. Air pressure isnt uniform across the Earth. It ranges from 980 to 1050 millibars and changes with altitude. The higher the altitude, the lower the air pressure. This is because the number of air molecules decreases at higher altitudes, thus decreasing air density and air pressure. Air pressure is highest at sea level, where air density is greatest. Air Pressure Basics There are 5 basics about air pressure: It increases as air density increases and lowers as air density lowers.It increases as temperatures increase and lowers as temperatures cool.It increases at lower altitudes and decreases at higher altitudes.Air moves from high pressure to low pressure.Air pressure is measured with a weather instrument known as a barometer. (This is why its also sometimes called barometric pressure.) Measuring Air Pressure This is a close up of the needle at the Change indication of an aneroid barometer used to measure air pressure. Gannet77/E/Getty Images A barometer is used to measure atmospheric pressure in units called atmospheres or milibars. The oldest type of barometer is the mercury barometer. This instrument measures mercury as it rises or lowers in the glass tube of the barometer. Since atmospheric pressure is basically the weight of air in the atmosphere above the reservoir, the level of mercury in the barometer will continue to change until the weight of mercury in the glass tube is exactly equal to the weight of air above the reservoir. Once the two have stopped moving and are balanced, the pressure is recorded by reading the value at the mercurys height in the vertical column. If the weight of mercury is less than the atmospheric pressure, the mercury level in the glass tube will rise (high pressure). In areas of high pressure, air is sinking toward the surface of the earth more quickly than it can flow out to surrounding areas. Since the number of air molecules above the surface increases, there are more molecules to exert a force on that surface. With an increased weight of air above the reservoir, the mercury level rises to a higher level. If the weight of mercury is greater than the atmospheric pressure, the mercury level will fall (low pressure). In areas of low pressure, air is rising away from the surface of the Earth more quickly than it can be replaced by air flowing in from surrounding areas. Since the number of air molecules above the area decreases, there are less molecules to exert a force on that surface. With a reduced weight of air above the reservoir, the mercury level drops to a lower level. Other types of barometers include aneroid and digital barometers. Aneroid barometers do not contain mercury or any other liquid, but they have a sealed and air-tight metallic chamber. The chamber expands or contracts in response to pressure changes and a pointer on a dial is used to indicate pressure readings. Modern barometers are digital and are able to measure atmospheric pressure accurately and quickly. These electronic instruments display current atmospheric pressure readings across a display screen. Low and High Pressure Systems Atmospheric pressure is impacted by daytime heating from the sun. This heating does not occur evenly across the Earth as some areas are heated more than others. As air is warmed, it rises and can result in a low pressure system. The pressure at the center of a low pressure system is lower than air in the surrounding area. Winds blow toward the area of low pressure causing air in the atmosphere to rise. Water vapor in the rising air condenses forming clouds and, in many cases, precipitation. Due to the Coriolis Effect, a result of the Earths rotation, winds in a low pressure system circulate counter-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. Low pressure systems can produce unstable weather and storms such as cyclones, hurricanes, and typhoons. As a general rule of thumb, lows have a pressure of around 1000 millibars (29.54 inches of mercury). As of 2016, the lowest pressure ever recorded on Earth was 870 mb (25.69 inHg) in the eye of Typhoon Tip over the Pacific Ocean on October 12, 1979. In high pressure systems, air at the center of the system is at a higher pressure than air in the surrounding area. Air in this system sinks and blows away from the high pressure. This descending air reduces water vapor and cloud formation resulting in light winds and stable weather. Air flow in a high pressure system is opposite that of a low pressure system. Air circulates clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counter-clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. Article edited by Regina Bailey Sources Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. Atmospheric Pressure. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 5 Mar. 2018, www.britannica.com/science/atmospheric-pressure. National Geographic Society. Barometer. National Geographic Society, 9 Oct. 2012, www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/barometer/. The Highs and Lows of Air Pressure. Winter Weather Safety | UCAR Center for Science Education, scied.ucar.edu/shortcontent/highs-and-lows-air-pressure.

Biochemical conditions and brain activity linked to crime Essay

Biochemical conditions and brain activity linked to crime - Essay Example This will be achieved by borrowing from various secondary sources and using examples appropriately. Crime refers to behaviors that violate taboos or social laws, thus a contextual fact (Bekerian & Levey, 2012). Because of the behavioral aspect of crime, the discussion on biochemical factors on criminology would focus on how biochemical factors influence criminology behaviors. Gaines and Miller document trait theories which postulate that â€Å"certain biological or psychological traits in individuals could incline them towards criminal behavior given a certain set of circumstances† (2012, p. 45). Moreover, behavior is biological and would be represented in the brain, its biochemistry, structure, electrical activity and growth and decline. Biochemical Conditions and Crime In the evaluation of the relationship between biochemical conditions and crime, it would be critical to appreciate the postulate by Siegel (2013) that biochemical conditions, both acquired and genetic influenc e and control antisocial behavior. The trait theory postulates that biochemistry would influence one’s criminal behavior. To put this into perspective, it would be important to appreciate the role that chemical messengers, referred to as hormones, play in influencing crime. Gaines and Miller (2012) give an example of testosterone in males whose elevated levels have been linked to aggression and thus increased criminality. This explains the high crime levels among men below age 28, doubling that of men between ages 31 and 60 due to the high testosterone levels at this age bracket. To further support this argument, it would be observed that boys exposed to steroids prenatally exhibit less aggression during their adolescence because of increased androgen levels. Biological contaminants and damaging chemicals could commence action even before birth if the mother takes diets lacking or having an excess of important nutrients. Siegel (2013) documents magnesium, sodium, potassium, a mino acids, calcium, peptides and monoamines as examples of minerals and chemicals whose presence in a diet results in abnormal sexual activity, mania and depression among other criminal tendencies. In the studies of diet and crime, sugars and carbohydrates have been particularly associated with antisocial behavior. According to Joyce (2013), this is the reason that children’s diets would have sweet drinks replaced with fruit juices, molasses for sugar and table sugar with honey among others. Harmful chemicals could come into play through maternal smoking and alcohol abuse during gestation, with Siegel (2013) noting that this causes prenatal damage and subsequently leads to antisocial behavior in adolescence. Furthermore, such parents exhibit poor parenting practices hence resulting in conduct disorder among their children. Biosocial criminologists also argue out on the requirement for certain minimum levels of specific chemical and minerals to maintain normal brain growth an d functioning. Excess supply or undersupply of such minerals and chemicals as potassium and manganese could cause behavioral problems. This postulate has been supported by Joyce (2013) who observes that excessive amounts of cobalt and lead in the body or glucose deficiency in the bloodstream could adversely affect behavior and thus propagate crime. Brain Activity and Crime Studying brain activity points out at its relationship to crime. Neurophysiology

Covering the full semester of learning Critical Thinking Term Paper

Covering the full semester of learning Critical Thinking - Term Paper Example Life is understood through the perceptions people hold about how events take place, why they take place, and how much control they had over how they came to pass. Covey (2004) describes an event called a paradigm shift, which means that the way in which life is perceived shifts towards a new idea of how life can work. A paradigm shift happens when the way in which life is perceived is shifted to a new understanding. This initial concept created its own paradigm shift for me as I began to see how life could be approached in different ways from which I had originally believed. Through learning more about what Covey (2004) presented, I began to think that possibilities were broader and more available than what I originally perceived as my own limitations. Knowledge creates new ideas and transforms the way in which something is put into context with beliefs about the world. Learning, then, is the conduit through which knowledge can create meaningful change. One can say that multiple inte lligences define how that learning is achieved and perceived. The understanding that intelligence comes in many forms supports the many levels of perception that exist (Gardner, 1983). Change comes then from how personal intelligences perceive and receive knowledge and utilizes it towards meaningful change. The way in which the individual approaches life can be seen through the centers on which they focus their lives. Covey (2004) describes the center by first stating that it is not necessarily an easy place to identify. The center of one’s life is defined by what is important, which is usually what provides security and guidance. Wisdom and power are not always derived from that center, but should be sought as a part of how one centers their life in order to elevate the nature of how life is lived. The center of one’s life can be a bad place too, which shadows every move they make and keeps them bound by rules they have defined, but may not be from a place of truth. E piphanies and centers can come simultaneously at times. In reading the book Left to tell: Discovering God amidst the Rwandan holocaust, Immaculee Llibagiza (2008) I discovered that Immaculee found faith in the midst of a threat against her life. Her shift occurs as she takes her life from a place of fear to that of a place of faith in which she believed that God would keep her from harm. Her fears were so strong that they had been the center of her life, but in finding that she believed that God would hold her from harm, she shifted the center of her thoughts from fear to faith. How we see the center of our life and how our habits support that center creates effectiveness or ineffectiveness in achieving goals and outcomes. Habits, Covey (2004) writes, are â€Å"the intersection of knowledge, skill, and desire†, which in the case of Llibagiza (2008) were no longer relevant to war time existence. Her daily habits and the knowledge and skill with which she existed were not a par t of the new existence of living in daily fear and hiding. She had to shed all of her old habits and form new ones that matched her environment. Between the concepts of habit that Covey (2004) explains and the disruption that Llibagiza (2008), it is clear that habits often must be changed to promote survival, but

Explore the ways Essay Example for Free

Explore the ways Essay In this playing I will be exploring how Priestley makes this moment in the play so dramatic and significant. The Inspector has just left the Birling’s all thunderstruck and traumatized, each of them handling it in different ways. As Gerald walks in it has come clear to us that the older generation are set in their ways and do not hesitate to even think about what the Inspector has told them, yet are stuck with their selfish ways. It is evident that Mr and Mrs Birling are embarrassed of Gerald finding out of what the Inspector has unearthed about what they have all done. ‘He put us all through it –‘ then Mr Birling cutting in ‘Sheila! Cutting Sheila off mid-sentence shows how Mr Birling is extremely humiliated and does not want Gerald to know what has just happened. He is too busy in caring about his reputation and getting his knighthood than even consider a word of what the Inspector has just said. ‘ (hastily) now – now we needn’t bother him with all that stuff’ The pauses through the hyphens intimates Birling’s loss of power. Also the change in tone symbolises Mr Birling weakening making this a significant moment in the paly. Using the lexis ‘stuff’ proves to us that Mr Birling thinks very little of the situation and is  quick to try and hide what happened. Priestley uses revelation to make this part in the play more dramatic. Gerald slowly getting to the point and surprising the Birling’s that Inspector Goole wasn’t a real police Inspector; in fact he is ‘A fake! ’ Mr and Mrs Birling attitudes swiftly change from ‘(hastily)’ and ‘(warningly)’ to ‘(triumphantly)’ and ‘(excitedly)’ where as for Sheila and Eric their attitudes do not change for they still have the pejorative and shameful thoughts from the Inspector’s words. This creates conflict between the younger generation (Sheila and Erica) and the older generation (Mr and  Mrs Birling). The younger generation still seeing what they have done as immoral but the older generation thinking their off the hook and that ‘it makes all the difference’. The inspector has obviously left his remark on Sheila and Eric â€Å"(bitterly) I suppose we’re all nice people now,† Through the speech and stage directions it is clear Sheila and Eric feel guilt and responsibility, however this guilt and sense of responsibility is abruptly ignored by their parents ‘if you’ve nothing more sensible than that to say, Sheila, you’d better keep quite’ Mr and Mrs Birling are delighted to  discover that â€Å"that fellow was a fraud† and has not come to think about and claim the responsibility of what has happened. Mrs Birling was shocked by the way the Inspector was speaking to her and the rest of the family ‘the rude way he spoke to Mr Birling and me – it was quite extraordinary’ It is evident that their reaction to the Inspector and his interrogation is left Mrs Birling bewildered, as though she could not possibly expect a police Inspector to have any cause to speak with one of their status. This creating a more dramatic scene because Mrs Birling quite clearly hated the way Inspector Goole spoke to Mrs Birling, and she hated it.

Critical Race Theory and the Rodney King Case Essays -- Recism

Critical Race Theory and the Rodney King Case In reviewing the article, Canadian Critical Race Theory, I found that the author, Carol Aylvard, raises some very interesting as well as disturbing questions on the nature of racism within the realm of police enforcement. In looking through the lens of the Rodney King case, we are provided with a very specific example of how the issue of race was dealt with, or not dealt with within the LAPD and judicial system. To gain a clearer understanding of how race was a major issue in this case but at the same time not confronted on the front lines, Alyvard highlights several aspects of the case. In the 1991 state trial of the four police officers accused of beating Rodney King, the prosecution did not even attempt to introduce evidence of "racial animus" on part of the officers. Even though there was video-audio evidence as well as eyewitness testimony to the contrary, they still did not challenge the defense's assertion that no racial epithets had been used by the police officers. As well, the prosecution neglected to appeal the decision of the State Court to move the trial from a racially diverse area to the predominantly white area of Simi Valley, where it was inevitable that the officers would be judged by an all-white jury. Furthermore, they also did not challenge the defense's portrayal of King's injuries as trivial. While it is needless to say that the list goes on and on, it came as no great surprise that the jury acquitted the four LAPD officers. It was also not surprising that riots followed this acquittal. One month after the beating and one year after the acquittal, two independent commissions, The McCone Commission and The California State Assembly Commission were appoint... ... is possible to implement alternative legal strategies that have their roots in recognition instead of avoidance? In looking at additional information displayed on the Internet, there seems to be an even wider range of issues being developed around the Rodney King Case. How do people of different social classes, gender or race fair in the law enforcement system? A few sites as well as the article alluded the O.J. Simpson case. Did this case confirm the importance of race consciousness and show a move toward a better understanding of the role that race plays in law? At any rate, Aylvard argues that the Rodney King case, " †¦exposed the significance of race in constitutional and criminal law and the dangers of avoiding it to maintain the "myth" of color blindness." (p. 66). References Carol, A. Aylvard. Canadian Critical Race Theory. Halifax: Fernwood, 1999.

Accouting 303 Project

2. As a for-profit entity, my company must record the amount of the donation as an expense at the fair value of the donated asset. In this case, my company must recognized a loss of eight thousand dollars, simply because the fair value of my donated asset is two thousand dollars. Furthermore, I must update my books by debiting â€Å"Contribution Expense† and â€Å"Loss on disposal of x asset† for $2,000 and $8,000 crediting the asset for $10,000. In this case, the fair value of my asset was lower than its book value forcing me to recognize a loss on my contribution. FASB ASC 845-10-30-1  Ã‚  Ã‚  In general, the accounting for nonmonetary transactions should be based on the fair values of the assets (or services) involved, which is the same basis as that used in monetary transactions. Thus, the cost of a nonmonetary asset acquired in exchange for another nonmonetary asset is the fair value of the asset surrendered to obtain it, and a gain or loss shall be recognized on the exchange. The fair value of the asset received shall be used to measure the cost if it is more clearly evident than the fair value of the asset surrendered. Similarly, a nonmonetary asset received in a nonreciprocal transfer shall be recorded at the fair value of the asset received. A transfer of a nonmonetary asset to a stockholder or to another entity in a nonreciprocal transfer shall be recorded at the fair value of the asset transferred and a gain or loss shall be recognized on the disposition of the asset. FASB ASC 845-10-30-2  Ã‚  Ã‚  The fair value of an entity's own stock reacquired may be a more clearly evident measure of the fair value of the asset distributed in a nonreciprocal transfer if the transaction involves distribution of a nonmonetary asset to eliminate a disproportionate part of owners' interests (that is, to acquire stock for the treasury or for retirement). If one of the parties in a nonmonetary transaction could have elected to receive cash instead of the nonmonetary asset, the amount of cash that could have been received may be evidence of the fair value of the nonmonetary assets exchanged. 1. In this case, the facility is a â€Å"Qualifying asset† an asset that takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. Therefore, borrowing costs that are directly related to the acquisition of this facility can be capitalized as part of the cost of the asset. On the other and, an alternative is the Benchmark treatment, which expenses borrowing costs when incurred. I chose to capitalize the facility, because expenses should follow revenues, in accordance to the matching principle. My facility will not be productive until my long-term research and development projects produce revenues. FASB ASC 730-10-25-2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elements of costs shall be identified with research and development activities as follows (see Subtopic 350-50 for guidance related to website development): * a. Materials, equipment, and facilities. The costs of materials (whether from the entity's normal inventory or acquired specially for research and development activities) and equipment or facilities that are acquired or constructed for research and development activities and that have alternative future uses (in research and development projects or otherwise) shall be capitalized as tangible assets when acquired or constructed. The cost of such materials consumed in research and development activities and the depreciation of such equipment or facilities used in those activities are research and development costs. However, the costs of materials, equipment, or facilities that are acquired or constructed for a particular research and development project and that have no alternative future uses (in other research and development projects or otherwise) and therefore no separate economic values are research and development costs at the time the costs are incurred. See Topic 360 for guidance related to property, plant, and equipment; the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets Subsections of Subtopic 360-10 for guidance related to impairment and disposal; and paragraphs 360-10-35-2 through 35-6 for guidance related to depreciation. * b. Personnel. Salaries, wages, and other related costs of personnel engaged in research and development activities shall be included in research and development costs. ? * c. Intangible assets purchased from others. The costs of intangible assets that are purchased from others for use in research and development activities and that have alternative future uses (in research and development projects or otherwise) shall be accounted for in accordance with Topic 350. The amortization of those intangible assets used in research and development activities is a research and development cost. However, the costs of intangibles that are purchased from others for a particular research and development project and that have no alternative future uses (in other research and development projects or otherwise) and therefore no separate economic values are research and development costs at the time the costs are incurred. ? * d. Contract services. The costs of services performed by others in connection with the research and development activities of an entity, including research and development conducted by others in behalf of the entity, shall be included in research and development costs. ? * e. Indirect costs. Research and development costs shall include a reasonable allocation of indirect costs. However, general and administrative costs that are not clearly related to research and development activities shall not be included as research and development costs. ?

Aristotle notes

Virtue ethics are ethics which focus on choosing virtuous courses of conduct rather than in adhering to duties.   Aristotle articulates a virtue ethic in the Nicomachean Ethics.   Aristotle reasons that the end of any actions or choice is a good.(Aristotle, I, ch 1)   He finds that happiness is the ultimate good to which all things are directed.   Of course, different people seek different kinds of happiness, some seeking sensual pleasure, others wealth, others glory.   He finally reasons that â€Å"happiness . . . comes as a result of virtue and some process of learning or training, to be among the most godlike things; for that which is the prize and end of virtue seems to be the best thing in the world, and something godlike and blessed.†Ã‚   (Aristotle, bk. I, ch. 1)  Ã‚   This same statement explains the ingredients of a good life: living according to virtue and contemplating the godlike things.   (Aristotle, bk. I, ch. 9)In considering what is virtue, Aristo tle notes that some activities are ends in themselves.   We eat to satisfy our hunger.   Other activities are means to other ends.   We practice various sports to better our chances in competition.   From this, he divides virtues between intellectual virtues and moral virtues. Intellectual virtues belong to the rational element of the soul.   These virtues consist of understanding, the acquiring of wisdom, an awareness of the beautiful.   Moral virtues reflect the need to address the irrational elements of the human soul.These virtues consist of curbing and directing the appetites and desires, so that they remain under the control of reason.   Appetites in human nature are not inherently bad, but if they get beyond the control of reason, creating either an excess or a deficiency, they are harmful to the soul. Such appetites must be regulated by achieving the â€Å"golden mean,† so that these appetites can offer a positive contribution to the good life. Reflectin g his own outlook, Aristotle found that intellectual virtues can never be excessive, for they inherently enhances the welfare of the soul (Aristotle, bk. I, ch. 9)Aristotle does not give a precise definition of virtue, but develops it more as a negative concept: it is the avoidance of vice or excess.   Virtue is attained by achieving a â€Å"mean,† a middle ground among any possible excesses.   The mean is the point between competing virtues and vices which reflects the best balance of these.   â€Å"Virtue, then, is a state of character concerned with choice, lying in a mean, i.e. the mean relative to us, this being determined by a rational principle, and by that principle by which the man of practical wisdom would determine it.† Aristotle II, ch. 6)However, because conduct must deal with individual cases, a determination of the mean must lie with each individual case.   While a philosophical system can enumerate or describe the competing excesses,, it will be for the individuals in each such case to find the mean.(Aristotle, II, ch. 7)   â€Å"But this is no doubt difficult, and especially in individual cases; for or is not easy to determine both how and with whom and on what provocation and how long one should be angry; for we too sometimes praise those who fall short and call them good-tempered, but sometimes we praise those who get angry and call them manly.   Aristotle, bk II, ch 9)For Aristotle, the final attainment of the happiness is difficult.   â€Å"Happiness is among the things that are prized and perfect. It seems to be so also from the fact that it is a first principle; for it is for the sake of this that we all do all that we do, and the first principle and cause of goods is, we claim, something prized and divine.†Aristotle, I ch. 12.   Further, Aristotle accepts one of the premises of the Greek outlook, that is it best to call no man happy as long as he lives, so that true happiness requires a lifetime.   (Aristotle, bk. I, ch. 12)That Aristotle was a brilliant thinker cannot be disputed.   He also came from a prosperous background, and was widely regarded for his brilliance during his lifetime.   His philosophy in many ways reflected this, as he believed that what he did in being a thinker and teacher aimed at the ideal life.   (Durant 1939, pp. 324-37) By contrast, Epictetus came from a more humble background, and his Stoic philosophy reflects his life.He was a slave for much of his life, and while he does not appear to have been subjected to terrible, he retained in all of his work a sense of limitation, that life was given and could be withdrawn at a moment’s notice and without valid reason.   (Durant 1944, pp. 490-93)

Patenting Rights and USPTO Applications

Patenting Rights and USPTO Applications When an inventor is granted a patent the following will arrive in mail; your US patent will be issued in the name of the United States under the seal of the Patent and Trademark Office, and will be signed by either the Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks or bear his/her name and have the signature of a US Patent Office official. The patent contains a grant to the patentee. A printed copy of the specification and drawing is annexed to the patent and forms a part of it. What Rights Does a Patent Grant? The grant confers the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale or selling the invention throughout the United States or importing the invention into the United States and its territories and possessions for which the term of the patent shall be 20 years from the date on which the application for the patent was filed in the United States or (if the application contains a specific reference to an earlier filed patent application) from the date of the earliest such application was filed. However, you have to pay your maintenance fees. Watch the Wording Patent law can be tricky, the key is in the words right to exclude. The patent does not grant the right to make, use, offer for sale or sell or import the invention but only grants the exclusive nature of the right. Any person is ordinarily free to make, use, offer for sale or sell or import anything he/she pleases, and a grant from the US Government is not necessary. The patent only grants the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale or selling or importing the invention. Since the patent does not grant the right to make, use, offer for sale, or sell, or import the invention, the patentee’s own right to do so is dependent upon the rights of others and whatever general laws might be applicable. A Patent Does Not Give Unlimited Rights A patentee, merely because he/she has received a patent for an invention, is not thereby authorized to make, use, offer for sale, or sell, or import the invention if doing so would violate any law. An inventor of the new automobile who has obtained a patent thereon would not be entitled to use the patented automobile in violation of the laws of a State requiring a license, nor may a patentee sell an article, the sale of which may be forbidden by law, merely because a patent has been obtained. Neither may a patentee make, use, offer for sale, or sell, or import his/her own invention if doing so would infringe the prior rights of others. A patentee may not violate the Federal antitrust laws, such as by resale price agreements or entering into combination in restraints of trade, or the pure food and drug laws, by virtue of having a patent. Ordinarily, there is nothing which prohibits a patentee from making, using, offering for sale, or selling, or importing his/her own invention, unless he/she thereby infringes another’s patent which is still in force. Correction of Granted Patents The Office may issue without charge a certificate correcting a clerical error it has made in the patent when the printed patent does not correspond to the record in the Office. These are mostly corrections of typographical errors made in printing. Some minor errors of a typographical nature made by the applicant may be corrected by a certificate of correction for which a fee is required. The patentee may disclaim (and try to remove) one or more claims of his/her patent by filing in the Office a disclaimer. When the patent is defective in certain respects, the law provides that the patentee may apply for a reissue patent. This is a patent granted to replace the original and is granted only for the balance of the unexpired term. However, the nature of the changes that can be made by means of the reissue are rather limited; new matter cannot be added. Any person may file a request for reexamination of a patent, along with the required fee, on the basis of prior art consisting of patents or printed publications. At the conclusion of the reexamination proceedings, a certificate setting forth the results of the reexamination proceeding is issued. Patent Expiration After the patent has expired anyone may make, use, offer for sale or sell or import the invention without permission of the patentee, provided that matter covered by other unexpired patents is not used. The terms may be extended for certain pharmaceuticals and for certain circumstances as provided by law.